International Journal

Radar sensors operating in the 76 81 GHz range are considered as essential parts of future vehicle safety systems and could significantly contribute in reducing the number of traffic casualties. Yet high manufacturing costs prevented their broad utilization in cars in the past. Today's SiGe processes show high potential to bring down cost of millimeter (mm)-wave systems into a range where they bec

A general purpose two-channel Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW)-sensor in E-band is extended to a digital-beam-forming (DBF) system. The hardware extension contains a transmit multiplexer, which allows switching of the (DBF) transmit signal of the sensor to any of 32 linearly arranged waveguide antennae. To maintain the spatial sampling condition by ?/2 element distance, the antenna ports

We studied the viability of the embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) package environment as an antenna platform for 77 GHz automotive radar sensors and the effects of package fabrication tolerances on the antenna performance. The investigation of different antenna concepts in the eWLB package and their characterization methods are addressed. The design procedures for electrically large, dif

In this paper, optimization of a microstrip patch antenna is presented. The optimization uses a genetic algorithm in the IE3D Simulator. The optimization is done in several steps, first by changing the position of parasitic patches on the top layer, second by placing a feeding patch at the middle layer of geometry, and third by indirect coupling between the top and middle layer patches. Overall, w

A large-signal model and a simulation technique based on non-sinusoidal voltage excitation are used to obtain the electric field snapshots from which the series resistance and related high-frequency properties of a 35 GHz Silicon Single-Drift Region (SDR) Impact Avalanche Transit Time (IMPATT) device have been estimated for different bias current densities. A novel method is proposed in this paper

Digital predistortion (DPD) of a nonlinear power amplifier (PA) is made challenging when the observation bandwidth (OBW) used to measure the output signal is narrower than the intermodulation distortion (IMD) spectrum generated. Wide bandwidth input signals stimulate memory effects within the PA thereby requiring the model order of the DPD to be expanded to include memory correction coefficients.

This paper expounds the systematic modeling of the behavior of radio frequency RF power amplifiers (PAs) exhibiting nonlinear, dynamic behavior. The approach begins with an analysis of the PA output signal to deduce the minimum embedding parameters required to accurately model its response, particularly the nonlinearity order and memory effects depth. The knowledge of the RF PA is then exploited i

Power amplifier (PA) nonlinearities and the digital predistortion (DPD) required for linearization are modeled at baseband using the memoryless polynomial, memory polynomial, and pruned Volterra series. The sampling requirements for the nonlinear basis waveforms created from a band-limited signal are determined as a function of the polynomial order. A Gaussian approximation of the channel filterin

This paper presents a new macro modeling methodology for solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) and packaged transistors used in communication systems. The model topology is based on the principle of harmonic superposition recently introduced by Agilent Technologies' X-parameters combined with dynamic Volterra theory. The resulting multi-harmonic bilateral model takes into account the coupling effec